EnlightenmentjurisdictionalismJoseph II of Habsburg-LorraineportraitNineteenth centuryGermanyHugo BurknerBurkner H.Buerkner H.Hugo BuerknerHoly Roman EmpireHoly Roman Empire of the German NationSRIemperorHabsburgHabsburg-LorraineWigEighteenth centuryJosephinismSacristan kingGiuseppino penal code